Publisher's note
In the topic of 'the Solar System', we will learn about the Solar System, all its planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets and meteoroids in detail. This topic is divided into two parts: Part I and Part II.
In Part I, we will learn about the Solar System and all its planets in detail.
In Part II, we will learn about all its dwarf planets, asteroids, comets and meteoroids in detail.
So this is the Part I of this topic.
The Solar System
The Solar System is a group of heavenly bodies consisting of the sun, planets and their satellites, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, meteoroids and all the other celestial bodies. All these celestial bodies orbit around the Sun. About 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System was formed from a dense cloud of gas and dust.
Planets of the Solar System
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| Planets of the Solar System |
Actually, there are millions of planets in the Solar System but all of them are not discovered by humans. Till now, eight planets are discovered in the Solar System. So, we can say that the Solar System has eight planets which continuosly revolve around the Sun. In order of the planet which is nearest to the Sun to the planet which is farthest from the Sun these planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
An easy way to remember these planets is to learn and remember this sentence :
My Very Efficient Mother Just Served Us Noodles
Here, in the above sentence, 'M' of 'My' stands for Mercury, 'V' of 'Very' stands for Venus, 'E' of 'Efficient' stands for Earth, another 'M' of 'Mother' stands for Mars, 'J' of 'Just' stands for Jupiter, 'S' of 'Served' stands for Saturn, 'U' of 'Us' stands for Uranus and 'N' of 'Noodles' stands for Neptune.
Then, planets are further divided into inner planets and outer planets. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars whereas the outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
So at first, let's learn the inner planets one by one in detail.
Mercury
Mercury is the closest/nearest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet in the Solar System. It is also the first inner planet in the Solar System. Mercury's appearance is a bit similar to the Earth's moon. An interesting fact about Mercury is that your weight on Mercury would be 38% of your weight on Earth.
By what Mercury is made of ?
Mercury appears to have a solid silicate crust, iron sulfide outer core layer, a deeper liquid core layer and a solid inner core.
What is the temperature of Mercury ?
Mercury is not the hottest planet in the Solar System even it is the closest planet to the Sun. It is the 2nd hottest planet in the Solar System and its temperature can reach to 800°F.
What is the size of Mercury ?
Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System with a radius of 2439.7km. It is a little larger than our moon.
How did Mercury get its name ?
Mercury is named after the messenger of their gods. The Roman Mercury had wings on his helmets and shoes.
How much time does Mercury take to rotate and revolve ?
Mercury takes 59 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis and it takes only 88 Earth Days to complete one revolution around the Sun.
How many moons does Mercury has ?
(Mercury has no moons)
Venus
Venus is the hottest and the brightest planet in the Solar System. This planet is also called the morning star and evening star. Another interesting thing about Venus is that all the planets orbit anticlockwise, but Venus orbits clockwise. Venus has 90 times the atmospheric pressure on Earth.
By what Venus is made of ?
The surface of Venus is a thin crust of rock. Below, the mantle is made of hot rock slowly churning due to the planet's inner heat. And below it, the core is made of iron which is approximately 2000 miles in radius.
What is the temperature of Venus ?
As said earlier, Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar System. The average temperature of Venus is 462°C (864°F).
What is the size of Venus ?
Venus is the 6th largest planet in the solar system and the 2nd largest planet of the inner planets. It has a radius of 6.051 km and a diameter of 12.104 km. Venus is only a little bit smaller than our Earth.
How did Venus get its name ?
Venus was named after the goddess of love and beauty. This was because of Venus' brightness.
How much time does Venus take to rotate and revolve ?
Venus takes 243 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis which is the longest day of any planet in the Solar System. And, it takes 225 Earth days to complete one revolution around the Sun.
So we see, that a day on Venus is larger than its year !
Why Venus is called Earth's twin ?
This is because Venus has a similar size, mass, proximity to the Sun and bulk composition as the Earth.
How many moons does Venus has ?
(Venus has no moons)
Earth
Earth is the only planet till now which supports life. Earth has water and a good type of atmosphere. About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered with water and because of this, the Earth is also known as the blue planet. Earth is also the closest planet to the Sun which has a moon. It is the largest of the inner planets.
By what Earth is made of ?
The Earth is made of three different layers which are the crust, the mantle and the core and the core is also divided into the outer core and the inner core. The crust is made of solid rocks and minerals, the mantle of silicate rocks, the outer core of liquid iron and nickel and the inner core of solid iron.
What is the temperature of Earth ?
Earth's temperature can be 58°C to -88°C. The highest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 58°C in the Libyan Desert. The coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth was -88°C in Antarctica.
What is the size of Earth ?
Earth is the largest of the inner planets and the 5th largest planet in the Solar System. Its diameter is 12,742 km (7,917.5 miles).
How did Earth get its name ?
'Earth' is derived from English and German words, 'eor(th)e/ertha' and 'erde' which means 'ground'.
How much time does Earth take to rotate and revolve ?
Earth takes 23 hours and 56 minutes to complete one rotation on its axis which causes day and night. It takes 365 days and 1/6 hours to complete one revolution around the Sun which causes the change of seasons.
What makes the Earth habitable ?
The right distance from the Sun, the protection for harmful solar radiation by the magnetic field, the warmth which is kept by an insulating atmosphere and the right chemical ingredients for life make the Earth habitable.
What is the atmosphere of Earth composed of ?
Earth's atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other gases. some of the other gases are carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour and neon.
How many moons does Earth has ?
The Earth has only one satellite, which is our moon. Its crust is made of a rocky surface and it is the 5th largest satellite in the Solar System. Neil Armstrong was the first person who landed on the moon on 20 July 1969.
Mars
Mars is the second smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury. This planet is also called the Red Planet because of its red surface. Scientists believe that Mars should support life. It has two moons. Mars is home to the tallest mountain in the Solar System.
By what Mars is made of ?
Like the other planets, Mars also has a crust, a mantle and a core. It has a solid crust, a rocky mantle and an iron core.
What is the temperature of Mars ?
Mars is not hot, but pretty cold ! Its average temperature is around -62°C (-80°F).
What is the size of Mars ?
Mars is the 2nd smallest planet in the Solar System. It is slightly more than the half size of Earth. It has a radius of 3.389 km (2106.1 miles).
How did Mars get its name ?
Mars was named by the ancient Romans for their god of war. They named it because the red colour of Mars was reminiscent of blood.
Is Mars suitable for life ?
Scientists belive that Mars should have life because Mars is the most habitable planet after the Earth. But, water is present in Mars in ice form and the atmosphere of Mars contains carbon dioxide of more than 95%.
How much time does Mars take to rotate and revolve ?
Mars takes 24.6 hours to rotate on its axis and it takes 687 Earth days to complete one revolution around the Sun.
How many moons does Mars has ?
Mars has two moons named, Phobos and Deimos. Phobos is larger than Deimos. Both these moons were discovered by an American astronomer named, Asaph Hall in 1877.
Now, let's learn the outer planets one by one in detail.
Jupiter
Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. In fact, Jupiter is so much large, that it takes 1,300 earths to make one Jupiter. This planet is a gas giant and has rings but they are very faint. The Great Red Spot in Jupiter's southern hemisphere is a storm that is currently about 1.3 times as wide as our planet.
By what Jupiter is made of ?
As said earlier, Jupiter is a gas giant. It is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium.
What is the temperature of Jupiter ?
The temperature in Jupiter is about -145°C (-234°F) but the temperature near the planet's centre is 24,000°C (43,000°F).
What is the size of Jupiter ?
Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. It has a radius of 69,911 km ( 43,440.7 miles). It is approximately 318 times as massive as Earth.
How did Jupiter get its name ?
Jupiter was named for the king of the Roman gods.
How much time does Jupiter take to rotate and revolve ?
You should know that Jupiter takes just 10 hours to complete one rotation on its axis. And, it takes 12 Earth years to complete one revolution around the Sun.
Does Jupiter have rings ?
Jupiter has four rings which are the halo ring, the main ring, the Amalthea Gossamer ring and the Thebe Gossamer ring. But, these rings are very faint and are made of dust.
How many moons does Jupiter has ?
You will be shocked to know that Jupiter has 79 moons ! The most popular of them are Ganymede, Europa, Callisto and Io. Ganymede is the largest of them.
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
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